Systematic review of excess mortality in India during the Covid-19 pandemic with differentiation between model-based and data-based mortality estimates

Background: COVID-19 has proven to be the worst pandemic in the history of mankind.While the pandemic still continues to perplex scientists globally, attempts are being made to quantify the mortality caused by the pandemic.Official COVID-19 figures in India grossly understate the true scale of the pandemic in the country.Fatality rates help us unde

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Spatial characterization of near-surface structure and meltwater runoff conditions across the Devon Ice Cap from dual-frequency radar reflectivity

Melting and refreezing processes in the firn of the Devon Ice Cap control meltwater infiltration and runoff across the ice cap, but their full spatial extent and effect on near-surface structure is difficult to measure with surface-based traverses or existing satellite remote sensing.Here, we derive the coherent component of the near-surface return

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